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NATURAL PARK ADAMELLO-BRENTA
The
Adamello-Brenta natural park is situated in the Western
part of Trentino and includes the Adamello and the Brenta mountain 
chains,
which are separated from the Rendena valley and extend over the valleys
of Non, of Sole and Giudicarie. The park is the largest protected area
in Trentino and covers the territory of 39 municipalities; it is home
to various species since its heights range from 400 metres to 3500 of
Presanella peak. Therefore, there's plenty of woods, pastures, shrubs,
meadows, rocks and glaciers. The park is rich with water as it hosts
more than 50 lakes and the Adamello glacier,which is one of the most
extended in Europe. The fauna is one of the richest in the Alps, since
it includes all the mountain species, among which there are the brown
bear and the ibex.
The
territory
Situated in the heart of the Alps, the Adamello-Brenta
natural park is the largest protected area in Trentino and extends over
a 618 square kilometres area. The park is located in the Western part
of Trentino among the valleys Giudicarie, di Non and di Sole.
The park comprises two areas different for their geomorphology, and
these are the Dolomiti di Brenta mountain chain and the Adamello-Presanella
granite massif, which hosts several glacial surfaces. The Rendena valley,in
which the river Sarca flows,is like a furrow dividing the two above
mentioned mountain-ranges .Several lateral valleys are the natural gateway
to the wildest and furthest places in the Park. In the Adamello-Presanella
area the Val Genova, in the North, and the Val Daone, in the South,
which is contiguous with the Val di Fumo, are the most interesting for
the richness of the nature. These two valleys are classified among the
most spectacular in the Alps,they are very rich with water and they
host a great number and variety of plants and animals.
The Brenta mountain range is characterized by the dolomitic sedimentary
rocks, which for thousands years have been subject to the action of
climatic agents and have therefore created the typical dolomitic structures
which reproduce steeples, bell-towers and embattled towers.In this part
of the park, is situated the Val di Tovel which starts from the the
Val di Non and extends 18 km into the heart of the massif .
Fauna
The great variety of the fauna, also including rare species that cannot
be found in other parts of the Alps, is the result of the exceptional
environment preservation of the different areas of the park. One of
the most remarkable aspects of the park is,among the numerous animals
that live in it, the presence of the last examples of Alpine brown bear.
Ecologically speaking, this species is a real jewel,since it has disappeared
in the rest of the Alps; in the park there are only a few examples which
live in the woods in the North eastern part of Brenta mountain range,and
more exactly near the Val di Tovel. This species has been,for several
years, the object of studies and research aimed to ensure its survival.
The park is home to many ungulates, rodents, such as the squirrel and
the marmot, several earth predators, such as the fox and all the Mustilidae.
Last but not least is the rich avifauna with its 82 nesting species
present in the park.
Flora
Except for few other areas in the Alps, the richness and the variety
of the vegetation and flowers in the Adamello-Brenta natural park are
unique. The presence of two sectors with two different geological features
(calcareous and sedimentary rocks in the Brenta region and intrusive-crystalline
rocks in the Adamello-Presanella region) has allowed the natural development
of endemic species and characteristic flower populations. This phenomenon
has taken place especially in the zones where normally trees don't grow.
From the lower part of the valleys and the mountain slopes covered by
the vast forests, to the high-altitude Alpine pastures where pioneer
plants try to struggle against the bad weather conditions,such as the
frost and the chilly wind, and the flowers hold strongly on the rocks,
all the vegetation of the park is extremely interesting from a naturalistic
point of view and produces a magnificent and suggestive scenery.
History
In 1919 Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli published in "Le Vie d'Italia",
a magazine edited by the Italian Touring Club, a few notes on the necessity
of establisning two natural parks in Trentino. His article generated
many talks about the beauty and the extraordinary naturalistic interest
of the lateral Alpine valleys of Val Rendena and Brenta; therefore the
conservation of this area started to be claimed. The idea was suggested
by Giovanni Pedrotti ,a member of the Società Alpinisti Trentini
(Trentino Mountain-climbers Association) who, in 1928, in an article
published in the Corriere del cacciatore (The hunter's journal) whose
title was "National parks in Trentino for the protection of the
flora and fauna". In this article, he indicated the areas that
were more suitable for the establishment of national parks and large
reserves for the local fauna;one area was located in the far western
Trentino, while the other was near the Eastern boundaries of the province.
It is in these zones that the Provincia autonoma di Trento (i.e.the
local administration), thanks also to its special statute, founded in
1967, the two province parks of Adamello-Brenta and Paneveggio-Pale
di S.Martino. That was the first time that a natural park was created
in Italy At the moment of its foundation, the park occupied an area
of 504 square kilometres.
In the Eighties, rules for the preservation and the correct exploitation
of the territory were fixed.
In 1987 there was a revision of the Park's boundaries and the enlargement
of the protected area, which reached 618 square kilometres, that is
the current surface. Afterwards, the autonomous province of Trento issued
the new act on the Regulations of Trentino's natural parks,which brought
to the foundation of the organizations for the administration of the
park and fixed the rules for the use of natural parks' resources. Finally,
the Adamello-Brenta park Board was created and representatives of the
39 municipalities situated within the protected area, as well as the
representatives of the environmentalists and delegates of the hunters,
were chosen to administer the park .The new park's regulations are based
on the modern idea that goes beyond the simple necessity of preservation
and aims to the tourist promotion,the scientific research and the collective
use of the environment.
The integration between man's activitites and the ecosystem has been
particularly focussed on. In particular,an indissoluble link between
the population and the territory has been the result of the reinforcement
of the millenary harmonious equilibrium present in this area. The park's
regulations concern on several matters,such as the management of the
territory and the planning of all building activities, the conservation
and promotion of park's natural and environmental peculiarities.
In addition to this plan,there is also a specific Plan for the fauna.
In order to achieve the aims stated in the park's foundation act, the
main Park Board tasks are the upkeep of park's structures, the control
of the number of visitors, the planning of the educational programs
on the environment and the promotion of scientific research.
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